Kisspeptin Nasal
The peptide product of the KISS1 gene, established as an upstream regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Supplied here as a nasal preparation.
- Purity
- 99.2%
- Lot
- PU-9620
- Format
- Nasal solution
- Third-party tested
- Discreet packaging
- Same-day shipping
- Encrypted checkout
For research use only. Not for human consumption.
Mechanism of Action
Kisspeptin is the ligand of the KISS1 receptor (formerly GPR54) and sits directly upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamus. Loss-of-function mutations in this system produce hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which is what established the pathway as obligatory rather than modulatory.
Published work has characterised kisspeptin-GnRH interactions and pulse generation, and a 2024 study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation reported that kisspeptin signalling in astrocytes also modulates the reproductive axis. A 2020 review in Nature Reviews Endocrinology examined the link between energy balance and reproduction through this system.
Research Findings
The indexed literature covers hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis control, functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea, neuronal heterogeneity within kisspeptin populations, and comparative work in non-mammalian vertebrates.
Reviews in Human Reproduction Update and Frontiers in Endocrinology collect the human physiology. Antagonist pharmacology has been developed alongside the agonist literature and is included below.
Storage & Reconstitution
The supplied vial is stored sealed and refrigerated at 2-8 degrees C, protected from light, and brought to room temperature before it is opened. Nasal preparations are aqueous from the point of supply, so the stability considerations that apply to a reconstituted solution apply from the moment the container is received.
The spray device is kept upright and the actuator kept clean and dry. Priming the pump consumes a small volume, which should be accounted for when calculating the number of metered actuations available from a given fill volume. Do not decant into a secondary container: transfer steps introduce both contamination and adsorptive loss.
Nasal solutions are single-container preparations and are not refilled or topped up. Note that intranasal bioavailability is strongly formulation-dependent - the delivery literature cited above regards it as a parameter that must be measured for each peptide rather than inferred from the route.
- Physical form
- Aqueous nasal solution, metered pump
- Sealed storage
- 2-8 C, protected from light
- In use
- Upright, 2-8 C between uses
- Priming
- Consumes volume - account for it
- Avoid
- Decanting, refilling, freezing
Handling summary
References
Every entry below links to its PubMed record. Publication is not endorsement: several of these papers report limitations, negative findings or adverse events, and they are listed for that reason.
- [1]The Role of Kisspeptin in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Reproduction(opens PubMed in a new tab)
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2022 · PMID 35837314
- [2]Stress, kisspeptin, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea(opens PubMed in a new tab)
Curr Opin Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36103784
- [3]Kisspeptin signaling in astrocytes modulates the reproductive axis(opens PubMed in a new tab)
J Clin Invest · 2024 · PMID 38861336
- [4]Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin - the link between energy balance and reproduction(opens PubMed in a new tab)
Nat Rev Endocrinol · 2020 · PMID 32427949
- [5]Kisspeptin antagonists(opens PubMed in a new tab)
Adv Exp Med Biol · 2013 · PMID 23550006
- [6]Kisspeptin and GnRH interactions in the reproductive brain of teleosts(opens PubMed in a new tab)
Gen Comp Endocrinol · 2020 · PMID 32710898